Optical testing and measuring apparatus



1943- H. H'AUSER March 9 OPTICAL TESTING AND MEASURING APPARATUS 4Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 12, 1941 March 9, 1943. H. HAUSER 4 OPTICALTESTING AND MEASURING APPARATUS Filed Feb, 12, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet -2March 9, 1943. H. HAUSER 2,313,639 1 OPTICAL TESTING AND MEASURINGAPPARATUS I Filed Feb. 12, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 March 9, 1943. 1 H.HAUSER 3,

OPTICAL TEST ING AND MEASURING APPARATUS Fild Feb. 12, 1941 4Sheets-Sheet};

Patented Mar. 9, 1943 or'rroar. TESTING AND masuamc APPARATUS HansHanser, Bienne, Switzerland, assignor to the firm A.-G. liirOptisch-Mechanische Erflndungen, Coire, Switzerland, a joint-stockcompany of Switzerland Application February 12, 1941, Serial No. 378,667

. In Switzerland March 7, 1940 5 Claims. (01. 88-24) The presentinvention relates to an optical testing and measuring apparatus withseveral magnifying powers, specially for testing the dimensions of awork-piece and the quality of machining.

Apparatus of this kind are already known. However, in these instrumentsthe tubes receiving the objectives and condensers are arrangedstationarily. If it is desired to replace an objective by one withanother magnifying power, 19 unimpeded setting of the severalobjectives. 7 the objective used up till now must be taken out Whenchanging the magnifying power a disoi thetube and the new objectiveinserted into mounting and mounting of the objectives and the same tube.The case is the same with the condenser is no longer necessary. Theseparts illuminating optical equipment, 1. e., the conare put into workingposition by moving their densers. If losses of light areto be avoided oncarriers. This is done very quickly and: without changing the magnifyingpower, it is expedient. taking any special care. The optical parts canto use exchangeable condensers. be mounted dustproof, so that no dustcan settle i The insertion zlalndt removal of the objectives oninaccessible places. Any delsaired magnifyfing" nto and out of t e u eis very wearisomeand and illuminating power may e set in a ew takes upmuch time. Specially on testing and seconds. measuring objects ofdifferent size the devices If the testing apparatus is provided with antilithertohknoiwrghshog ntanty disadvtzrgzages. On epidiascope for themagntilfying of opaque 516228,

e one an e 0 cc -s age mus e removed the mirrors, reflecting t e raysemi ted y e by such a distance from the objective-tube that source oflight of the epidiascope towards the the objective used up till now canbe taken out piece to betested, are located in a casing adapted sidewaysand the new one similarly introduced. to slide in a direction across theobjective car- Likewise the object-stage must be removed by rier, sothat these mirrors can be put-into and :fich a llstance icriomcondenser-tines, that ou ii gf working positiondby alsingltlanmznizulation.

e con enser use up now can e a en on e accompany ng aw ngs us ra e somesideways and the new one similarly introduced embodiments of the.invention, but it is to be between the tube and the O je t-Stage. Thisunderstood, that the present disclosure is by way a s e h ght ofstructuige of the instrument of illustration only, and it is not to betaken as and results, as already said, n a wearisome rerestrictive.placing of the optical parts. Besides, this re- Fig. 1 is a side view ofthe testing apparatus, moval and insertion and the storing of the partspartly in section, in spe al x s r qui s great e and dd to Fig. 2 is afront view of the testing apparatus, the danger of their being damagedand soiled. partly in section, and h Protecting glass ly g on the bottomof the Fig. 3 is a side view of the sliding objective stationaryobjective-tube is, in many cases, diflicarrier. cult of access. The dustwhich, on the repeated Fig. 4 is a side view of a second embodiment,replacing of the objectives, penetrates and is Fig 5 1 a top vi w of Fi4, deposited on this protecting glass, can hardly Fig. 6 is a side Viewof a third embodiment be igemoveddand thus makes the picture of the mg.7 is a Side View of a iourth embodiment, wor iece 1m.

'I'he present invention remedies these inconfgi fim ig qg the 'Sndmgcondenser veniences. It relates to an optical testing appa- Fig 9 is atop View f the objective Segment ratus distinguished by the feature thatat least shown in Fig 7 and v some of the optical parts for the severalmagni- Fig 10 is a side View of a fifth embodiment gggi fi g g gg powersare located on InFigs'l, 2 and 3, I is the image-table mounted on theframe 2 of the apparatus. The rays of Another object of the invention isto provide light emitted by a lamp in the lamp carr1er 3 both thecondensers and the objectives of the traverse, 1n the first place, thecondenser 4, then several magnifying powers on movable carriers, theiece to be tested 1 in on the object sta 6 Still another object is toprovide the objectives 5 th ti 6 y 11 th i and the condensers of theseveral magnifying 8 0 Jec ve an a on 8 "g powers either on a rotatablecarrier or on a slide deviatmg them towards the image'tab w a adapted tobe moved to and fro. the magnified image of the piece to be tested Afurther object is to provide locking means p The Optical arrangementhitherto on the condenser carrier and the objective carscribed S W n wnThe c t t e arran erier cooperating with corresponding means on ment ofthe condensers and objectives for the the frame of the apparatua for thepurpose of locking the condensers and objectives in their workingposition. H

In a further special embodiment theobjectivecarrier comprises stoppingmeans cooperating with corresponding means of the carrier 01' the objectstage, for the purpose of preventing the objective-carrier from movingon until the ob- Ject-stage has reached the level necessary for the gseveral magnifying powers, however. are new an may be described asfollows: 7

All the condensers 4, 8, 9, ii) are fixed to the disc I I, which latteris pivoted on the cross-girder l2 of the column 13 of the frame by meansof the pivot 28 and the bearing 29. This disc H has notches 30 (or otherlocking means), on its circumference, each of these notches belonging toa condenser and being adapted to engage and disengage aspring-controlled pawl 3| fixed to the,

they, on moving the slide I1, would knock against.

the object-stage 5, if the stage had not previously been placed slightlyhigher. In order to prevent such a knocking resulting from carelessnesson the part of the worker, a stopping device is provided: As may be seenfrom Fig. 3 stops 20, 2| are attached to the slide I! at differentlevels.

These stops are adapted, in a manner described later on, to cooperatewith the bolt 23 fixed to the carrier 22 of the object-stage.

A further particularity of the testing apparatus according to theinvention is the constructive arrangement of the mirrors of thewell-known epidiascope illuminating opaque pieces to be tested. The lamp24 of the epidiascope is located in the column |3 of the frame of theapparatus and is rigidly connected with the object-stage, so that thecarrier, on moving up and down, takes the lamp 24 with it. This mountingof the lamp of the epidiascope is well-known. However, the mirrors 25,28 reflecting the rays of light from the lamp 24 towards theunder-surface of the workpiece, are mountedin a new manner, viz: Theyare located in a sliding case 21 adapted to slide on a guide 34 of thecarrier 22 across the direction of the motion of the slide ll. of thetesting apparatus is as follows:

Be it supposed, that the apparatus is in the position shown in Fig. 2,i. e., the condenser 4 and the objective 5 lie opposite each other andthat another magnifying power is now to be set, where, for instance, theobjective l4 lies opposite the condenser 8. For this purpose thecondenser 4 will be taken hold of and a slight pull (to the right inFig. 2) will be exerted on it. This pull suiiices to press the pawl 3|against the controlling spring and thus to throw it out of gear with thenotch 30 belonging to condenser 4. At the moment when, on revolving thedisc condenser 9 is in working position, the spring-controlled pawl 3|engages the notch 38 belonging to the condenser 8. The objective slide His now moved to the right (Fig. 2). The pawl 33 belonging to the slideI1 is pressed backwards by the notch 32 engaging it and then engages thenext notch 32, belonging to the objective H. In this way anothermagnifying power of the apparatus has been set.

If work with condenser 8 and objective I5 is desired, condenser 8 willnow be put into working position in the manner above described. Be itsupposed that the present level of the objectivestage 5 is such that theobjective |5, on shifting the slide i! to the left (Fig. 2), might touchthe stage 5. This, however, is impossible, because, on

The manipulation displacing the slide |'I (Fig. 2), the right-hand stop20 (Fig. 3) strikes the bolt 23 and the slide can no longer be moved.The worker's attention is thus called to the fact that it is necessaryto place the object-stage 5 a little higher. By doing so, the bolt 23 isout of reach of the stop 20 and a further shifting of the slide H to theright (Fig. 2) can takeplace, until the spring-controlled pawl 33engages the notch 32 of the objective l5. On a further shifting of theslide until objective I6 is in working position the righthand stop 2|(Fig. 3) touches the bolt 23 and the stage 5 must again be placedslightly higher. Fig. 3 illustrates stops for the objectives I5 and Itonly, but, if required, stops could also be provided for the otherobjectives. In Fig. 3 two stops 28 or 2| are provided for eachobjective, so that, on the object-stage 5 being placed too low, theobjective-slide can'be moved neither to the left nor to the right; inthis way any danger of one of the optical parts being damaged byknocking is entirely obviated.

If it is desired to magnify an opaque body, the sliding case 21 ispulled out (to the left in Fig. 1) until this case lies under theobject, and after the epidiascope has been used the case 21 is againpushed into the position shown in Fig. 1.

The number of condensers and objectives might be other than four. Theobjectives might, in a similar way as the condensers, be mounted on arotatable disc. Such an embodiment is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Theobjectives 40, 4|, 42, 43 are fixed to a rotatable plate 44 pivoted onthe frame 2 by means of a pivot 45. Notches 46 are adapted to engage anddisengage a spring-controlled pawl 41 mounted on the frame in a similarway and for the same purpose as shown in the first embodiment. Thecondensers are arranged as in Fig. 1.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the condensers 48 are, in a similarway as the objectives,

' which the objectives 53, 54, 55 are placed on a segment 58 pivotallymounted by a pin 51 on the frame 58. Notches 53 1 are provided on thesegment 56. A spring-controlled pawl 60 guided in the frame 58 isadapted to cooperate with these notches 58 in a manner similar to thatdescribed in connection with Figs. 1 and 2. The condensers 5|, 62, '53,64 are attached to a slide 65 guided in the same way as the slide 43 inFig. 6.

Fig. 10 shows the objectives 65, 61, 68 fixed to the pivotally mountedsegment 69 of the type shown in Figs. 7 and 9 and the condensers 10, 1|,12 provided on a rotatable disc 13 pivotally mounted on the cross girder14 in the same way as illustrated in Fig. l.

It is understood that stopping means, e. g. such as the bolt 23 and thestops 20, 2| of the first embodiment may also be provided for theobjective, carriers shown in Figs. 4, 6, 7 and 10.

In the examples shown in Figs. 4 to 10 a sliding case for theepidiascope mirrors, similar to th case 21 in Figs. 1 to 3 can also beprovided.

In a like manner as the objectives in Figs. 7 and 10 the condenserscould also be provided on a pivotally mounted segment.

WhatI claim is:

1. In a contour controlling projector with several magnifying powers, 8.base, an upright atasraose tached to said base, a cross girder 'at thetop of upright, a member carrying said condensers, movably mounted onsaid cross girder to bring any of said condensers in alignment with saidlight source, a plurality of objectives, a carrier carrying saidobjectives, movably mounted on said base and in front of said upright tobring any of said objectives' inalignment with said light source, animage screen provided on said base and in front of said carrier, meansfor directing an image formed by any of said objectives to said screen.and an object stage mounted on said upright, going through between saidcondensers and said objectives and free'to be moved vertically andlaterally to bring an object carried by said stage in alignment withsaid light source and any of said objectives and into the focal plane ofthis latter.

2. In a contour controlling projector with several magnifying powers,, abase, a bracket attached to said base, an image screen provided on saidbase, a light source carried by said bracket,

, a plurality of condensers, a member carrying said a locking element onsaid bracket adapted to engage said locking means to lock said member inthe working position of said condensers, a plurality of'objectives, acarrier carrying said objectives,

movably mounted on said base to bring any of said objectives inalignment with said light source, second locking means on said carrier,a second locking element on said base adapted to engage said secondlocking means to lock said carrier in the working position of saidobjectives, means for directing an image formed by any ofsaid'objectives to said screen, an object stage mounted on said bracket,going through between said condensers and said objectives and tree to bemoved vertically and laterally to bring an object carried by said stagein alignment with said light source and any of said objective and intothe focal plane of this latter, a stopping member on said object stage,and stopping means on said carrier, adapted to engage said stoppingmember to prevent said carrier from moving on until said object stagehas reached the level necessary for the unimpeded setting of saidobjectives.

3. In a contour controlling projector with several magnifying powers, abase, an upright attached to said base, a cross girder at the top ofsaid upright, a light source carried by said cross girder, a pluralityof condensers in front of said upright, a member carrying saidcondensers, movably mounted on said cross girder to bring any of saidcondensers. in alignment with said light source, a plurality ofobjectives of diflerent height in structure, a carrier carrying saidobjectives, movably mounted on said base and in front of said upright tobring any of said objective in alignment with said light source, animagescreen Provided on said base and in front of said carrier, meansfor directing an image formed by any of said objectives to said screen,an object stage mounted on said upright, going through between saidcondensers and said objectives and free to be moved vertically andlaterally to bring an object carried by said stage in alignment withsaid light source and any oi said objectives and into the focal plane ofthis latter, a bolt fixed to said object stage, and stops attached tosaidcarrier at different levels-corresponding to the height of structureof said objectives, adapted to engage said said light source, aplurality of objectives, a carrier carrying said objectives, movablymounted on said base to bring any of said objectives in alignment withsaid light source, means for directing an image formed by any of saidobjectives to said screen, an object stage mounted on said bracket,going through between said condensers and said objectives and free to bemoved vertically and laterally to bringan object carried by said stagein alignment with said light source and any of said objectives and intothe focal plane of this latter, an episcope lamp in said bracket andintegral with said object stage, a case slidable across the direction ofthe luminous flux emanating from said light source, a guide at theunderside of said object stage, carrying said case, and episcope mirrorsin said case for directing the light rays emanating from said episcopelamp to the underside of an object carried by said object stage.

5. In a contour controlling projector with several magnifying powers, abase, an upright at-' age screen provided on said base and in front 01'said carrier, means for directing an image formed by any of saidobjectives to said screen, an objectstage mounted on said upright, goingthrough between said condensers and said objective and free to be movedvertically and laterally to bring an object carried by said stage inalignment with said light 'source and any of saidobjectives and into thefocal plane of this latter, a bolt fixed to said object stage, stopsattached to said carrier at diflerent levels corresponding to the heightof structure of said objectives, adapted to engage said bolt to preventsaid carrier from moving on until said object stage has reached thelevel necessary for the unimpeded setting of s i objgc.. tives, anepiscope lamp in said upright and integral with said object stage, acase slidable across the direction of the lumimans flux emanating

